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    <title>积木构建趣味活动</title>
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    <h1>积木构建与空间关系趣味活动</h1>

    <div class="tip">
        <strong>教学理念：</strong>通过积木构建培养空间智能，建议每天20分钟建构游戏，重点发展"空间可视化"能力（即在脑中想象物体旋转和组合的能力）。
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★☆☆</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">1. 图形配对塔</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>基础积木（<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">立方体</span>、<span class="shape" style="background:#4ECDC4;">三棱柱</span>、<span class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">圆柱</span>）、图形卡片
        </div>
        <div class="shape-box">
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼<div class="shape-desc">立方体</div></div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#4ECDC4;">▲<div class="shape-desc">三棱柱</div></div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●<div class="shape-desc">圆柱</div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>认识基本立体图形特征：
                    <ul>
                        <li><strong>立方体</strong>：6个正方形面，可以平稳堆叠</li>
                        <li><strong>三棱柱</strong>：三角形底面，容易滚动</li>
                        <li><strong>圆柱</strong>：圆形底面，可以向任何方向滚动</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
                <li>根据图形卡片选择对应积木</li>
                <li>比赛谁能用指定图形建最高塔</li>
                <li>讨论"为什么立方体最适合做塔基"</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">示例建筑：</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#4ECDC4;">▲</div>
            <div>→ 稳固的塔</div>
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>蒙眼触摸辨认图形
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：3-4岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★☆☆</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">2. 对称镜像城</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>彩色积木、小镜子、中线标尺
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>在中线一侧用积木搭建简单结构</li>
                <li>用镜子观察镜像效果</li>
                <li>尝试在另一侧搭建对称结构</li>
                <li>检查对称性：
                    <ul>
                        <li>形状对称（左边<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">◼</span>，右边<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">◼</span>）</li>
                        <li>位置对称（距离中线相同）</li>
                        <li>颜色对称（可选）</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">对称示例：</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●</div>
            <div style="font-weight:bold;">|</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼</div>
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>搭建字母的对称结构（如T、A）
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：4-5岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★★☆</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">3. 立体图形挑战赛</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>多种积木（<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">立方体</span>、<span class="shape" style="background:#4ECDC4;">三棱柱</span>、<span class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">圆柱</span>、<span class="shape" style="background:#FFD166;">拱形</span>）、挑战卡
        </div>
        <div class="shape-box">
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼<div class="shape-desc">立方体</div></div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#4ECDC4;">▲<div class="shape-desc">三棱柱</div></div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●<div class="shape-desc">圆柱</div></div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FFD166;">⌒<div class="shape-desc">拱形</div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>抽取挑战卡完成任务：
                    <ul>
                        <li>"用1个<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">◼</span>和2个<span class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">●</span>建小车"</li>
                        <li>"搭建能让球滚下的斜坡"</li>
                        <li>"建一座有3种图形的塔"</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
                <li>记录成功方案（拍照或画图）</li>
                <li>交换挑战卡互相出题</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">小车示例：</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B;">◼</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●</div>
            <div class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1;">●</div>
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>限制时间或积木数量
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：5-6岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★★☆</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">4. 盲建挑战</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>积木套装、眼罩、简单模型照片
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>玩家A观察模型照片10秒（如：<span class="shape" style="background:#FF6B6B; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">◼</span>上放<span class="shape" style="background:#45B7D1; display:inline-block; width:15px; height:15px;">●</span>）</li>
                <li>戴上眼罩凭记忆搭建</li>
                <li>玩家B用空间语言指导：
                    <ul>
                        <li>方位词："往左边移动一点"</li>
                        <li>距离："再往上放高一些"</li>
                        <li>形状："现在拿圆形积木"</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
                <li>完成后对比原模型</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">指导语言示例：</div>
            "先拿方块放桌上 → 再拿圆柱放在方块正中央 → 轻轻放手"
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>增加积木数量或复杂程度
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：5-6岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★★★</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">5. 建筑设计师</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>多种积木、方格纸、彩笔、小人偶
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>设计主题（如：动物园、太空站）</li>
                <li>在方格纸上绘制"建筑蓝图"：
                    <ul>
                        <li>俯视图：用符号表示积木位置（■=立方体）</li>
                        <li>侧视图：标注高度（几层楼）</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
                <li>按图施工搭建建筑</li>
                <li>用小人偶测试空间合理性（能否通过门/楼梯）</li>
                <li>拍摄建筑三视图（前、侧、上）</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">蓝图示例：</div>
            <div>■ ■ ■<br>■ ○ ■<br>■ ■ ■</div>
            <div>→ 中间是圆柱的广场</div>
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>加入比例概念（1方格=10cm）
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：6-7岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="activity">
        <span class="difficulty">★★★</span>
        <h2 class="activity-title">6. 抗震实验室</h2>
        <div class="materials">
            <strong>材料准备：</strong>多种积木、振动板（或托盘）、计时器
        </div>
        <div class="steps">
            <h3>活动步骤：</h3>
            <ol>
                <li>搭建30cm高的塔楼</li>
                <li>测试不同结构的抗震性：
                    <ul>
                        <li>底座大的金字塔形</li>
                        <li>有拱形支撑的结构</li>
                        <li>完全对称的设计</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
                <li>振动10秒后测量剩余高度</li>
                <li>分析"哪种形状最稳固"</li>
                <li>设计最佳抗震结构</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
        <div class="building-example">
            <div class="example-title">稳固结构：</div>
            <div>宽底座 + 交叉支撑 + 轻质顶部</div>
        </div>
        <div class="variation">
            <strong>变化玩法：</strong>限制使用特定形状的积木
            <br><span class="age">适合年龄：6-7岁</span>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="tip">
        <strong>积木构建发展阶梯：</strong>
        <ul>
            <li><strong>3-4岁：</strong>简单堆叠和排列，认识基本立体图形</li>
            <li><strong>4-5岁：</strong>有意识的组合建构，理解对称关系</li>
            <li><strong>5-6岁：</strong>能完成主题建构，运用多种连接方式</li>
            <li><strong>6-7岁：</strong>能设计规划并实现复杂结构，理解力学原理</li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="tip">
        <strong>空间语言培养要点：</strong>
        <ul>
            <li><strong>位置描述：</strong>"把圆柱放在两个立方体中间"</li>
            <li><strong>方位指导：</strong>"向左转90度再向前推"</li>
            <li><strong>形状分析：</strong>"三角形做屋顶更稳固因为..."</li>
            <li><strong>比较表达：</strong>"这座塔比那座宽但矮"</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
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